14.4 使用ThreadSaniiser向CDash报告数据争用

NOTE:此示例代码可以在 https://github.com/dev-cafe/cmake-cookbook/tree/v1.0/chapter-14/recipe-03 中找到，其中包含一个C++示例。该示例在CMake 3.5版(或更高版本)中是有效的，并且已经在GNU/Linux、macOS和Windows上进行过测试。

在这个示例中，我们将重用前一个示例中的方法，但是使用ThreadSanitizer或TSan，结合CTest和CDash，来检查数据竞争，并将它们报告给CDash。ThreadSanitizer的文档可以在网上找到，https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/ThreadSanitizerCppManual

准备工作

这个示例中，我们将使用以下示例代码(example.cpp):

#include <chrono>
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>

static const int num_threads = 16;

void increase(int i, int &s) {
  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
  std::cout << "thread " << i << " increases " << s++ << std::endl;
}

int main() {
  std::thread t[num_threads];

  int s = 0;

  // start threads
  for (auto i = 0; i < num_threads; i++) {
      t[i] = std::thread(increase, i, std::ref(s));
  }

  // join threads with main thread
  for (auto i = 0; i < num_threads; i++) {
      t[i].join();
  }

  std::cout << "final s: " << s << std::endl;

  return 0;
}

这个示例代码中，我们启动16个线程，每个线程都调用increase函数。increase函数休眠1s，然后打印并递增一个整数s。我们预计此示例代码将显示数据竞争，因为所有线程读取和修改相同的地址，而不需要任何显式同步或协调。换句话说，我们期望在代码末尾打印的最终s，每次的结果都不同。代码有bug，我们将尝试在ThreadSanitizer的帮助下识别数据竞争。如果不运行ThreadSanitizer，我们可能不会看到代码有任何问题:

$ ./example

thread thread 0 increases 01 increases 1
thread 9 increases 2
thread 4 increases 3
thread 10 increases 4
thread 2 increases 5
thread 3 increases 6
thread 13 increases 7
thread thread 7 increases 8
thread 14 increases 9
thread 8 increases 10
thread 12 increases 11
thread 15 increases 12
thread 11 increases 13

5 increases 14
thread 6 increases 15
final s: 16

具体实施

文件CMakeLists.txt首先定义一个受支持的最低版本、项目名称、受支持的语言。在本例中，定义了C++11标准项目:

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5 FATAL_ERROR)

project(recipe-04 LANGUAGES CXX)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)

接下来，找到线程库，定义可执行文件，并将其链接到线程库:

find_package(Threads REQUIRED)

add_executable(example example.cpp)

target_link_libraries(example
  PUBLIC
      Threads::Threads
  )

然后，提供编译选项和代码，并链接到ThreadSanitizer:

option(ENABLE_TSAN "Enable ThreadSanitizer" OFF)

if(ENABLE_TSAN)
  if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES GNU)
    message(STATUS "ThreadSanitizer enabled")
    target_compile_options(example
    PUBLIC
        -g -O1 -fsanitize=thread -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fPIC
    )
    target_link_libraries(example
      PUBLIC
        tsan
      )
  else()
      message(WARNING "ThreadSanitizer not supported for this compiler")
  endif()
endif()

最后，编译测试用例:

enable_testing()

# allow to report to a cdash dashboard
include(CTest)

add_test(
  NAME
      example
  COMMAND
      $<TARGET_FILE:example>
  )

CTestConfig.cmake没有变化:

set(CTEST_DROP_METHOD "http")
set(CTEST_DROP_SITE "my.cdash.org")
set(CTEST_DROP_LOCATION "/submit.php?project=cmake-cookbook")
set(CTEST_DROP_SITE_CDASH TRUE)

dashboard.cmake需要为TSan进行简单修改:

set(CTEST_PROJECT_NAME "example")
cmake_host_system_information(RESULT _site QUERY HOSTNAME)
set(CTEST_SITE ${_site})
set(CTEST_BUILD_NAME "${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME}-${CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR}")

set(CTEST_SOURCE_DIRECTORY "${CTEST_SCRIPT_DIRECTORY}")
set(CTEST_BINARY_DIRECTORY "${CTEST_SCRIPT_DIRECTORY}/build")

include(ProcessorCount)
ProcessorCount(N)
if(NOT N EQUAL 0)
  set(CTEST_BUILD_FLAGS -j${N})
  set(ctest_test_args ${ctest_test_args} PARALLEL_LEVEL ${N})
endif()

ctest_start(Experimental)

ctest_configure(
  OPTIONS
      -DENABLE_TSAN:BOOL=ON
  )

ctest_build()
ctest_test()

set(CTEST_MEMORYCHECK_TYPE "ThreadSanitizer")
ctest_memcheck()

ctest_submit()

让我们以这个例子为例。通过CTEST_CMAKE_GENERATOR选项来设置生成器:

$ ctest -S dashboard.cmake -D CTEST_CMAKE_GENERATOR="Unix Makefiles"

Each . represents 1024 bytes of output
. Size of output: 0K
Each symbol represents 1024 bytes of output.
'!' represents an error and '*' a warning.
. Size of output: 0K

在面板上，我们将看到以下内容:
我们可以看到更详细的动态分析:

工作原理

该示例CMakeLists.txt的核心部分:

option(ENABLE_TSAN "Enable ThreadSanitizer" OFF)

if(ENABLE_TSAN)
  if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES GNU)
    message(STATUS "ThreadSanitizer enabled")
    target_compile_options(example
    PUBLIC
        -g -O1 -fsanitize=thread -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fPIC
    )
    target_link_libraries(example
      PUBLIC
        tsan
      )
  else()
      message(WARNING "ThreadSanitizer not supported for this compiler")
  endif()
endif()

dashboard.cmake也需要更新:

# ...

ctest_start(Experimental)

ctest_configure(
  OPTIONS
      -DENABLE_TSAN:BOOL=ON
  )

ctest_build()
ctest_test()

set(CTEST_MEMORYCHECK_TYPE "ThreadSanitizer")
ctest_memcheck()

ctest_submit()

和上一个示例一样，我们也可以在本地查看ThreadSanitizer的输出:

$ mkdir -p build
$ cd build
$ cmake -DENABLE_TSAN=ON ..
$ cmake --build .
$ cmake --build . --target test

Start 1: example
1/1 Test #1: example ..........................***Failed 1.07 sec
0% tests passed, 1 tests failed out of 1
$ ./build/example
thread 0 increases 0
==================
WARNING: ThreadSanitizer: data race (pid=24563)
... lots of output ...
SUMMARY: ThreadSanitizer: data race /home/user/cmake-recipes/chapter-14/recipe-04/cxx-example/example

准备工作

具体实施

工作原理

更多信息