> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://chenxiaowei.gitbook.io/cmake-cookbook/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://chenxiaowei.gitbook.io/cmake-cookbook/10.0-chinese/10.4-chinese.md).

# 10.4 安装超级构建

**NOTE**:*此示例代码可以在* <https://github.com/dev-cafe/cmake-cookbook/tree/v1.0/chapter-10/recipe-04> *中找到，其中有一个C++示例。该示例在CMake 3.6版(或更高版本)中是有效的，并且已经在GNU/Linux、macOS和Windows上进行过测试。*

我们的消息库取得了巨大的成功，许多其他程序员都使用它，并且非常满意。也希望在自己的项目中使用它，但是不确定如何正确地管理依赖关系。可以用自己的代码附带消息库的源代码，但是如果该库已经安装在系统上了应该怎么做呢？第8章，展示了超级构建的场景，但是不确定如何安装这样的项目。本示例将带您了解安装超级构建的安装细节。

## 准备工作

此示例将针对消息库，构建一个简单的可执行链接。项目布局如下:

```
├── cmake
│    ├── install_hook.cmake.in
│    └── print_rpath.py
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── external
│    └── upstream
│        ├── CMakeLists.txt
│        └── message
│            └── CMakeLists.txt
└── src
    ├── CMakeLists.txt
    └── use_message.cpp
```

主`CMakeLists.txt`文件配合超级构建，`external`子目录包含处理依赖项的CMake指令。`cmake`子目录包含一个Python脚本和一个模板CMake脚本。这些将用于安装方面的微调，CMake脚本首先进行配置，然后调用Python脚本打印`use_message`可执行文件的`RPATH`:

```python
import shlex
import subprocess
import sys

def main():
  patcher = sys.argv[1]
  elfobj = sys.argv[2]
  tools = {'patchelf': '--print-rpath', 'chrpath': '--list', 'otool': '-L'}
  if patcher not in tools.keys():
  raise RuntimeError('Unknown tool {}'.format(patcher))
  cmd = shlex.split('{:s} {:s} {:s}'.format(patcher, tools[patcher], elfobj))
  rpath = subprocess.run(
      cmd,
      bufsize=1,
      stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
      stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
      universal_newlines=True)
  print(rpath.stdout)

if __name__ == "__main__":
  main()
```

使用平台原生工具可以轻松地打印`RPATH`，稍后我们将在本示例中讨论这些工具。

最后，`src`子目录包含项目的`CMakeLists.txt`和源文件。`use_message.cpp`源文件包含以下内容:

```cpp
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>

#ifdef USING_message
#include <message/Message.hpp>
void messaging()
{
  Message say_hello("Hello, World! From a client of yours!");
  std::cout << say_hello << std::endl;
  Message say_goodbye("Goodbye, World! From a client of yours!");
  std::cout << say_goodbye << std::endl;
}
#else
void messaging()
{
  std::cout << "Hello, World! From a client of yours!" << std::endl;
  std::cout << "Goodbye, World! From a client of yours!" << std::endl;
}
#endif

int main()
{
  messaging();
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
```

## 具体实施

我们将从主`CMakeLists.txt`文件开始，它用来协调超级构建:

1. 与之前的示例相同。首先声明一个C++11项目，设置了默认安装路径、构建类型、目标的输出目录，以及安装树中组件的布局:

   ```
   cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.6 FATAL_ERROR)

   project(recipe-04
     LANGUAGES CXX
     VERSION 1.0.0
     )

   # <<< General set up >>>

   set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
   set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
   set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)

   if(NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
     set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release CACHE STRING "Build type" FORCE)
   endif()

   message(STATUS "Build type set to ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}")

   message(STATUS "Project will be installed to ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}")

   include(GNUInstallDirs)

   set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
     ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR})
   set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
     ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR})
   set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
     ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR})

   # Offer the user the choice of overriding the installation directories
   set(INSTALL_LIBDIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR} CACHE PATH "Installation directory for libraries")
   set(INSTALL_BINDIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR} CACHE PATH "Installation directory for executables")
   set(INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR} CACHE PATH "Installation directory for header files")
   if(WIN32 AND NOT CYGWIN)
     set(DEF_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR CMake)
   else()
     set(DEF_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR share/cmake/${PROJECT_NAME})
   endif()
   set(INSTALL_CMAKEDIR ${DEF_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR} CACHE PATH "Installation directory for CMake files")

   # Report to user
   foreach(p LIB BIN INCLUDE CMAKE)
     file(TO_NATIVE_PATH ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${INSTALL_${p}DIR} _path )
     message(STATUS "Installing ${p} components to ${_path}")
     unset(_path)
   endforeach()
   ```
2. 设置了`EP_BASE`目录属性，这将为超构建中的子项目设置布局。所有子项目都将在`CMAKE_BINARY_DIR`的子项目文件夹下生成:

   ```
   set_property(DIRECTORY PROPERTY EP_BASE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/subprojects)
   ```
3. 然后，声明`STAGED_INSTALL_PREFIX`变量。这个变量指向构建目录下的`stage`子目录，项目将在构建期间安装在这里。这是一种沙箱安装过程，让我们有机会检查整个超级构建的布局:

   ```
   set(STAGED_INSTALL_PREFIX ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/stage)
   message(STATUS "${PROJECT_NAME} staged install: ${STAGED_INSTALL_PREFIX}")
   ```
4. 添加`external/upstream`子目录。其中包括使用CMake指令来管理我们的上游依赖关系，在我们的例子中，就是消息库:

   ```
   add_subdirectory(external/upstream)
   ```
5. 然后，包含`ExternalProject.cmake`标准模块:

   ```
   include(ExternalProject)
   ```
6. 将自己的项目作为外部项目添加，调用`ExternalProject_Add`命令。`SOURCE_DIR`用于指定源位于`src`子目录中。我们会选择适当的CMake参数来配置我们的项目。这里，使用`STAGED_INSTALL_PREFIX`作为子项目的安装目录:

   ```
   ExternalProject_Add(${PROJECT_NAME}_core
     DEPENDS
       message_external
     SOURCE_DIR
       ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src
     CMAKE_ARGS
       -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${STAGED_INSTALL_PREFIX}
       -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}
       -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}
       -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}
       -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=${CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD}
       -DCMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS=${CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS}
       -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED=${CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED}
       -Dmessage_DIR=${message_DIR}
     CMAKE_CACHE_ARGS
       -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH:PATH=${CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH}
     BUILD_ALWAYS
       1
     )
   ```
7. 现在，为`use_message`添加一个测试，并由`recipe-04_core`构建。这将运行`use_message`可执行文件的安装，即位于构建树中的安装:

   ```
   enable_testing()

   add_test(
     NAME
         check_use_message
     COMMAND
         ${STAGED_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${INSTALL_BINDIR}/use_message
     )
   ```
8. 最后，可以声明安装规则。因为所需要的东西都已经安装在暂存区域中，我们只要将暂存区域的内容复制到安装目录即可:

   ```
   install(
     DIRECTORY
         ${STAGED_INSTALL_PREFIX}/
     DESTINATION
         .
     USE_SOURCE_PERMISSIONS
     )
   ```
9. 使用`SCRIPT`参数声明一个附加的安装规则。CMake脚本的`install_hook.cmake`将被执行，但只在GNU/Linux和macOS上执行。这个脚本将打印已安装的可执行文件的`RPATH`，并运行它。我们将在下一节详细地讨论这个问题：

   ```
   if(UNIX)
     set(PRINT_SCRIPT "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/cmake/print_rpath.py")
     configure_file(cmake/install_hook.cmake.in install_hook.cmake @ONLY)
     install(
       SCRIPT
         ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/install_hook.cmake
       )
   endif()
   ```

`-Dmessage_DIR=${message_DIR}`已作为CMake参数传递给项目，这将正确设置消息库依赖项的位置。`message_DIR`的值在`external/upstream/message`目录下的`CMakeLists.txt`文件中定义。这个文件处理依赖于消息库，让我们看看是如何处理的:

1. 首先，搜索并找到包。用户可能已经在系统的某个地方安装了，并在配置时传递了`message_DIR`:

   ```
   find_package(message 1 CONFIG QUIET)
   ```
2. 如果找到了消息库，我们将向用户报告目标的位置和版本，并添加一个虚拟的`message_external`目标。这里，需要虚拟目标来正确处理超构建的依赖关系:

   ```
   if(message_FOUND)
     get_property(_loc TARGET message::message-shared PROPERTY LOCATION)
     message(STATUS "Found message: ${_loc} (found version ${message_VERSION})")
     add_library(message_external INTERFACE) # dummy
   ```
3. 如果没有找到这个库，我们将把它添加为一个外部项目，从在线Git存储库下载它，然后编译它。安装路径、构建类型和安装目录布局都是由主`CMakeLists.txt`文件设置，C++编译器和标志也是如此。项目将安装到`STAGED_INSTALL_PREFIX`下，然后进行测试:

   ```
   else()
     include(ExternalProject)
     message(STATUS "Suitable message could not be located, Building message instead.")
     ExternalProject_Add(message_external
       GIT_REPOSITORY
         https://github.com/dev-cafe/message.git
       GIT_TAG
         master
       UPDATE_COMMAND
         ""
       CMAKE_ARGS
         -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${STAGED_INSTALL_PREFIX}
         -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}
         -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}
       CMAKE_CACHE_ARGS
         -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS:STRING=${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}
       TEST_AFTER_INSTALL
         1
       DOWNLOAD_NO_PROGRESS
         1
       LOG_CONFIGURE
         1
       LOG_BUILD
         1
       LOG_INSTALL
         1
     )
   ```
4. 最后，将`message_DIR`目录进行设置，为指向新构建的`messageConfig.cmake`文件指明安装路径。注意，这些路径被保存到`CMakeCache`中:

   ```
     if(WIN32 AND NOT CYGWIN)
       set(DEF_message_DIR ${STAGED_INSTALL_PREFIX}/CMake)
     else()
       set(DEF_message_DIR ${STAGED_INSTALL_PREFIX}/share/cmake/message)
     endif()
     file(TO_NATIVE_PATH "${DEF_message_DIR}" DEF_message_DIR)
     set(message_DIR ${DEF_message_DIR}
       CACHE PATH "Path to internally built messageConfig.cmake" FORCE)
   endif()
   ```

我们终于准备好编译我们自己的项目，并成功地将其链接到消息库(无论是系统上已有的消息库，还是新构建的消息库)。由于这是一个超级构建，`src`子目录下的代码是一个完全独立的CMake项目:

1. 声明一个C++11项目：

   ```
   cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.6 FATAL_ERROR)

   project(recipe-04_core
     LANGUAGES CXX
     )

   set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
   set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
   set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)

   include(GNUInstallDirs)

   set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
     ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR})
   set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
     ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR})
   set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
     ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR})
   ```
2. 尝试找到消息库。超级构建中，正确设置`message_DIR`:

   ```
   find_package(message 1 CONFIG REQUIRED)
   get_property(_loc TARGET message::message-shared PROPERTY LOCATION)
   message(STATUS "Found message: ${_loc} (found version ${message_VERSION})")
   ```
3. 添加可执行目标`use_message`，该目标由`use_message.cpp`源文件创建，并连接到`message::message-shared`目标:

   ```
   add_executable(use_message use_message.cpp)

   target_link_libraries(use_message
     PUBLIC
         message::message-shared
     )
   ```
4. 为`use_message`设置目标属性。再次对`RPATH`进行设置:

   ```
   # Prepare RPATH
   file(RELATIVE_PATH _rel ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR} ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX})
   if(APPLE)
     set(_rpath "@loader_path/${_rel}")
   else()
     set(_rpath "\$ORIGIN/${_rel}")
   endif()
   file(TO_NATIVE_PATH "${_rpath}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}" use_message_RPATH)

   set_target_properties(use_message
     PROPERTIES
       MACOSX_RPATH ON
       SKIP_BUILD_RPATH OFF
       BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH OFF
       INSTALL_RPATH "${use_message_RPATH}"
       INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH ON
     )
   ```
5. 最后，为`use_message`目标设置了安装规则:

   ```
   install(
     TARGETS
         use_message
     RUNTIME
       DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}
       COMPONENT bin
     )
   ```

现在瞧瞧CMake脚本模板`install_hook.cmake.in`的内容：

1. CMake脚本在我们的主项目范围之外执行，因此没有定义变量或目标的概念。因此，需要设置变量来保存已安装的`use_message`可执行文件的完整路径。注意使用`@INSTALL_BINDIR@`，它将由`configure_file`解析：

   ```
   set(_executable ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/@INSTALL_BINDIR@/use_message)
   ```
2. 需要找到平台本机可执行工具，使用该工具打印已安装的可执行文件的`RPATH`。我们将搜索`chrpath`、`patchelf`和`otool`。当找到已安装的程序时，向用户提供有用的状态信息，并且退出搜索：

   ```
   set(_patcher)
   list(APPEND _patchers chrpath patchelf otool)
   foreach(p IN LISTS _patchers)
     find_program(${p}_FOUND
       NAMES
         ${p}
       )
     if(${p}_FOUND)
       set(_patcher ${p})
       message(STATUS "ELF patching tool ${_patcher} FOUND")
       break()
     endif()
   endforeach()
   ```
3. 检查`_patcher`变量是否为空，这意味着PatchELF工具是否可用。当为空时，我们要进行的操作将会失败，所以会发出一个致命错误，提醒用户需要安装PatchELF工具:

   ```
   if(NOT _patcher)
       message(FATAL_ERROR "ELF patching tool NOT FOUND!\nPlease install one of chrpath, patchelf or otool")
   ```
4. 当PatchELF工具找到了，则继续。我们调用Python脚本`print_rpath.py`，将`_executable`变量作为参数传递给`execute_process`：

   ```
     find_package(PythonInterp REQUIRED QUIET)
     execute_process(
       COMMAND
         ${PYTHON_EXECUTABLE} @PRINT_SCRIPT@ "${_patcher}"
       "${_executable}"
       RESULT_VARIABLE _res
       OUTPUT_VARIABLE _out
       ERROR_VARIABLE _err
       OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
       )
   ```
5. 检查`_res`变量的返回代码。如果执行成功，将打印`_out`变量中捕获的标准输出流。否则，打印退出前捕获的标准输出和错误流:

   ```
     if(_res EQUAL 0)
       message(STATUS "RPATH for ${_executable} is ${_out}")
     else()
       message(STATUS "Something went wrong!")
       message(STATUS "Standard output from print_rpath.py: ${_out}")
       message(STATUS "Standard error from print_rpath.py: ${_err}")
       message(FATAL_ERROR "${_patcher} could NOT obtain RPATH for ${_executable}")
     endif()
   endif()
   ```
6. 再使用`execute_process`来运行已安装的`use_message`可执行目标:

   ```
   execute_process(
     COMMAND ${_executable}
     RESULT_VARIABLE _res
     OUTPUT_VARIABLE _out
     ERROR_VARIABLE _err
     OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
     )
   ```
7. 最后，向用户报告`execute_process`的结果:

   ```
   if(_res EQUAL 0)
     message(STATUS "Running ${_executable}:\n ${_out}")
   else()
     message(STATUS "Something went wrong!")
     message(STATUS "Standard output from running ${_executable}:\n ${_out}")
     message(STATUS "Standard error from running ${_executable}:\n ${_err}")
     message(FATAL_ERROR "Something went wrong with ${_executable}")
   endif()
   ```

## 工作原理

CMake工具箱中，超级构建是非常有用的模式。它通过将复杂的项目划分为更小、更容易管理的子项目来管理它们。此外，可以使用CMake作为构建项目的包管理器。CMake可以搜索依赖项，如果在系统上找不到依赖项，则重新构建它们。这里需要三个`CMakeLists.txt`文件：

* 主`CMakeLists.txt`文件包含项目和依赖项共享的设置，还包括我们自己的项目(作为外部项目)。本例中，我们选择的名称为`${PROJECT_NAME}_core`；也就是`recipe-04_core`，因为项目名称`recipe-04`用于超级构建。
* 外部`CMakeLists.txt`文件将尝试查找上游依赖项，并在导入目标和构建目标之间进行切换，这取决于是否找到了依赖项。对于每个依赖项，最好有单独的子目录，其中包含一个`CMakeLists.txt`文件。
* 最后，我们项目的`CMakeLists.txt`文件，可以构建一个独立的CMake项目。在原则上，我们可以自己配置和构建它，而不需要超级构建提供的依赖关系管理工具。

当对消息库的依赖关系未得到满足时，将首先考虑超级构建:

```
$ mkdir -p build
$ cd build
$ cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/Software/recipe-04 ..
```

让CMake查找库，这是我们得到的输出:

```
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 7.3.0
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /nix/store/gqg2vrcq7krqi9rrl6pphvsg81sb8pjw-gcc-wrapper-7.3.0/bin/g++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /nix/store/gqg2vrcq7krqi9rrl6pphvsg81sb8pjw-gcc-wrapper-7.3.0/bin/g++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Project will be installed to /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04
-- Build type set to Release
-- Installing LIB components to /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/lib64
-- Installing BIN components to /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/bin
-- Installing INCLUDE components to /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/include
-- Installing CMAKE components to /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/share/cmake/recipe-04
-- recipe-04 staged install: /home/roberto/Workspace/robertodr/cmake-cookbook/chapter-10/recipe-04/cxx-example/build/stage
-- Suitable message could not be located, Building message instead.
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/roberto/Workspace/robertodr/cmake-cookbook/chapter-10/recipe-04/cxx-example/build
```

根据指令，CMake报告如下:

* 安装将分阶段进入构建树。分阶段安装是对实际安装过程进行沙箱化的一种方法。作为开发人员，这对于在运行安装命令之前检查所有库、可执行程序和文件是否安装在正确的位置非常有用。对于用户来说，可在构建目录中给出了相同的结构。这样，即使没有运行正确的安装，我们的项目也可以立即使用。
* 系统上没有找到合适的消息库。然后，CMake将运行在构建项目之前构建库所提供的命令，以满足这种依赖性。

如果库已经位于系统的已知位置，我们可以将`-Dmessage_DIR`选项传递给CMake:

```
$ cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/Software/use_message -Dmessage_DIR=$HOME/Software/message/share/cmake/message ..
```

事实上，这个库已经找到并导入。我们对自己的项目进行建造操作:

```
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 7.3.0
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /nix/store/gqg2vrcq7krqi9rrl6pphvsg81sb8pjw-gcc-wrapper-7.3.0/bin/g++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /nix/store/gqg2vrcq7krqi9rrl6pphvsg81sb8pjw-gcc-wrapper-7.3.0/bin/g++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Project will be installed to /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04
-- Build type set to Release
-- Installing LIB components to /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/lib64
-- Installing BIN components to /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/bin
-- Installing INCLUDE components to /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/include
-- Installing CMAKE components to /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/share/cmake/recipe-04
-- recipe-04 staged install: /home/roberto/Workspace/robertodr/cmake-cookbook/chapter-10/recipe-04/cxx-example/build/stage
-- Checking for one of the modules 'uuid'
-- Found message: /home/roberto/Software/message/lib64/libmessage.so.1 (found version 1.0.0)
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/roberto/Workspace/robertodr/cmake-cookbook/chapter-10/recipe-04/cxx-example/build
```

项目的最终安装规则是，将安装文件复制到`CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX`:

```
install(
  DIRECTORY
      ${STAGED_INSTALL_PREFIX}/
  DESTINATION
      .
  USE_SOURCE_PERMISSIONS
  )
```

注意使用`.`而不是绝对路径`${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}`，这样CPack工具就可以正确理解该规则。CPack的用法将在第11章中介绍。

`recipe-04_core`项目构建一个简单的可执行目标，该目标链接到消息动态库。正如本章前几节所讨论，为了让可执行文件正确运行，需要正确设置`RPATH`。本章的第1节展示了，如何在CMake的帮助下实现这一点，同样的模式在`CMakeLists.txt`中被重用，用于创建`use_message`的可执行目标:

```
file(RELATIVE_PATH _rel ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR} ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX})
if(APPLE)
  set(_rpath "@loader_path/${_rel}")
else()
  set(_rpath "\$ORIGIN/${_rel}")
endif()
file(TO_NATIVE_PATH "${_rpath}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}" use_message_RPATH)

set_target_properties(use_message
  PROPERTIES
    MACOSX_RPATH ON
    SKIP_BUILD_RPATH OFF
    BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH OFF
    INSTALL_RPATH "${use_message_RPATH}"
    INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH ON
  )
```

为了检查这是否合适，可以使用本机工具打印已安装的可执行文件的`RPATH`。我们将对该工具的调用，封装到Python脚本中，并将其进一步封装到CMake脚本中。最后，使用`SCRIPT`关键字将CMake脚本作为安装规则调用:

```
if(UNIX)
  set(PRINT_SCRIPT "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/cmake/print_rpath.py")
  configure_file(cmake/install_hook.cmake.in install_hook.cmake @ONLY)
  install(
    SCRIPT
      ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/install_hook.cmake
    )
endif()
```

脚本是在安装最后进行执行:

```
$ cmake --build build --target install
```

GNU/Linux系统上，我们将看到以下输出:

```
Install the project...
-- Install configuration: "Release"
-- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/.
-- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./lib64
-- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./lib64/libmessage.so
-- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./lib64/libmessage_s.a
-- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./lib64/libmessage.so.1
-- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./include
-- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./include/message
-- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./include/message/Message.hpp
-- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./include/message/messageExport.h
-- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./share
-- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./share/cmake
-- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./share/cmake/message
-- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./share/cmake/message/messageTargets-release.cmake
-- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./share/cmake/message/messageConfigVersion.cmake
-- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./share/cmake/message/messageConfig.cmake
-- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./share/cmake/message/messageTargets.cmake
-- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./bin
-- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./bin/hello-world_wAR
-- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./bin/use_message
-- Installing: /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/./bin/hello-world_wDSO
-- ELF patching tool chrpath FOUND
-- RPATH for /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/bin/use_message is /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/bin/use_message: RUNPATH=$ORIGIN/../lib64:/home/roberto/Workspace/robertodr/cmake-cookbook/chapter-10/recipe-04/cxx-example/build/stage/lib64:/nix/store/di389pfcw2krnmh8nmkn55d1rnzmba37-CMake-Cookbook/lib64:/nix/store/di389pfcw2krnmh8nmkn55d1rnzmba37-CMake-Cookbook/lib:/nix/store/mjs2b8mmid86lvbzibzdlz8w5yrjgcnf-util-linux-2.31.1/lib:/nix/store/2kcrj1ksd2a14bm5sky182fv2xwfhfap-glibc-2.26-131/lib:/nix/store/4zd34747fz0ggzzasy4icgn3lmy89pra-gcc-7.3.0-lib/lib
-- Running /home/roberto/Software/recipe-04/bin/use_message:
This is my very nice message:
Hello, World! From a client of yours!
...and here is its UUID: a8014bf7-5dfa-45e2-8408-12e9a5941825
This is my very nice message:
Goodbye, World! From a client of yours!
...and here is its UUID: ac971ef4-7606-460f-9144-1ad96f713647
```

**NOTE**:*我们建议使用的工具是PatchELF (*<https://nixos.org/patchelf.html> *)、chrpath (*<https://linux.die.net/man/1/chrpath> *)和otool (*<http://www.manpagez.com/man/1/otool/> *)。第一种方法适用于GNU/Linux和macOS，而chrpath和otool分别适用于GNU/Linux和macOS。*